DR MANISH- ppt Laser Proctology piles & Fistula
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Get the best piles and fistula treatment in Jaipur with advanced laser proctology techniques. Dr. Manish Rajput, a renowned specialist, provides painless, quick, and highly effective treatments for piles, fissures, and fistula. Using cutting-edge laser technology, the procedures ensure minimal discomfort, no stitches, and faster recovery, helping patients return to their daily lives with ease. Dr. Rajput is committed to offering personalized care and long-term solutions, ensuring lasting relief and improved quality of life. With his expertise and modern facilities, you can expect safe and reliable treatment for all proctological conditions.
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DR MANISH-2.pdf laser proctology piles and fistula by deepikavedyan, has 6 slides with 22 views.Get the best piles and fistula treatment in Jaipur with advanced laser proctology techniques. Dr. Manish Rajput, a renowned specialist, provides painless, quick, and highly effective treatments for piles, fissures, and fistula. Using cutting-edge laser technology, the procedures ensure minimal discomfort, no stitches, and faster recovery, helping patients return to their daily lives with ease. Dr. Rajput is committed to offering personalized care and long-term solutions, ensuring lasting relief and improved quality of life. With his expertise and modern facilities, you can expect safe and reliable treatment for all proctological conditions.
DR MANISH-2.pdf laser proctology piles and fistuladeepikavedyan
6 slides•22 views
Get the best piles and fistula treatment in Jaipur with advanced laser proctology techniques. Dr. Manish Rajput, a renowned specialist, provides painless, quick, and highly effective treatments for piles, fissures, and fistula. Using cutting-edge laser technology, the procedures ensure minimal discomfort, no stitches, and faster recovery, helping patients return to their daily lives with ease. Dr. Rajput is committed to offering personalized care and long-term solutions, ensuring lasting relief and improved quality of life. With his expertise and modern facilities, you can expect safe and reliable treatment for all proctological conditions.Best Varicose Veins Treatment in Jaipur by deepikavedyan, has 6 slides with 13 views.Varicose veins are enlarged veins near the skin’s surface, often found in the legs due to increased pressure from standing and walking. For Best Varicose Veins Treatment in Jaipur, Dr. Manish Rajput provides advanced, personalized care using modern techniques to help you achieve healthier, smoother legs and a better quality of life.
Best Varicose Veins Treatment in Jaipurdeepikavedyan
6 slides•13 views
Varicose veins are enlarged veins near the skin’s surface, often found in the legs due to increased pressure from standing and walking. For Best Varicose Veins Treatment in Jaipur, Dr. Manish Rajput provides advanced, personalized care using modern techniques to help you achieve healthier, smoother legs and a better quality of life.Best Varicose Veins Treatment in Jaipur by deepikavedyan, has 6 slides with 11 views.Varicose veins are enlarged veins near the skin’s surface, often found in the legs due to increased pressure from standing and walking. For Best Varicose Veins Treatment in Jaipur, Dr. Manish Rajput provides advanced, personalized care using modern techniques to help you achieve healthier, smoother legs and a better quality of life.
Best Varicose Veins Treatment in Jaipurdeepikavedyan
6 slides•11 views
Varicose veins are enlarged veins near the skin’s surface, often found in the legs due to increased pressure from standing and walking. For Best Varicose Veins Treatment in Jaipur, Dr. Manish Rajput provides advanced, personalized care using modern techniques to help you achieve healthier, smoother legs and a better quality of life.2024 Trend Updates: What Really Works In SEO & Content Marketing by Search Engine Journal, has 21 slides with 656561 views.The future of SEO is trending toward a more human-first and user-centric approach, powered by AI intelligence and collaboration. Are you ready?
Watch as we explore which SEO trends to prioritize to achieve sustainable growth and deliver reliable results. We’ll dive into best practices to adapt your strategy around industry-wide disruptions like SGE, how to navigate the top challenges SEO professionals are facing, and proven tactics for prioritizing quality and building trust.
You’ll hear:
- The top SEO trends to prioritize in 2024 to achieve long-term success.
- Predictions for SGE’s impact, and how to adapt.
- What E-E-A-T really means, and how to implement it holistically (hint: it’s never been more important).
With Zack Kadish and Alex Carchietta, we’ll show you which SEO trends to ignore and which to focus on, along with the solution to overcoming rapid, significant and disruptive Google algorithm updates.
If you’re looking to cut through the noise of constant SEO and content trends to drive success, you won’t want to miss this webinar.
2024 Trend Updates: What Really Works In SEO & Content MarketingSearch Engine Journal
21 slides•656.6K views
The future of SEO is trending toward a more human-first and user-centric approach, powered by AI intelligence and collaboration. Are you ready?
Watch as we explore which SEO trends to prioritize to achieve sustainable growth and deliver reliable results. We’ll dive into best practices to adapt your strategy around industry-wide disruptions like SGE, how to navigate the top challenges SEO professionals are facing, and proven tactics for prioritizing quality and building trust.
You’ll hear:
- The top SEO trends to prioritize in 2024 to achieve long-term success.
- Predictions for SGE’s impact, and how to adapt.
- What E-E-A-T really means, and how to implement it holistically (hint: it’s never been more important).
With Zack Kadish and Alex Carchietta, we’ll show you which SEO trends to ignore and which to focus on, along with the solution to overcoming rapid, significant and disruptive Google algorithm updates.
If you’re looking to cut through the noise of constant SEO and content trends to drive success, you won’t want to miss this webinar.
Storytelling For The Web: Integrate Storytelling in your Design Process by Chiara Aliotta, has 39 slides with 541811 views.In this slides I explain how I have used storytelling techniques to elevate websites and brands and create memorable user experiences. You can discover practical tips as I showcase the elements of good storytelling and its applied to some examples of diverse brands/projects..
Storytelling For The Web: Integrate Storytelling in your Design ProcessChiara Aliotta
39 slides•541.8K views
In this slides I explain how I have used storytelling techniques to elevate websites and brands and create memorable user experiences. You can discover practical tips as I showcase the elements of good storytelling and its applied to some examples of diverse brands/projects..Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition – SCHREPEL – June 2024 OECD dis... by OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs, has 21 slides with 393325 views.This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition – SCHREPEL – June 2024 OECD dis...OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs
21 slides•393.3K views
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
How to Leverage AI to Boost Employee Wellness - Lydia Di Francesco - SocialHR... by SocialHRCamp, has 28 slides with 167132 views.Speaker: Lydia Di Francesco
In this workshop, participants will delve into the realm of AI and its profound potential to revolutionize employee wellness initiatives. From stress management to fostering work-life harmony, AI offers a myriad of innovative tools and strategies that can significantly enhance the wellbeing of employees in any organization. Attendees will learn how to effectively leverage AI technologies to cultivate a healthier, happier, and more productive workforce. Whether it's utilizing AI-powered chatbots for mental health support, implementing data analytics to identify internal, systemic risk factors, or deploying personalized wellness apps, this workshop will equip participants with actionable insights and best practices to harness the power of AI for boosting employee wellness. Join us and discover how AI can be a strategic partner towards a culture of wellbeing and resilience in the workplace.
How to Leverage AI to Boost Employee Wellness - Lydia Di Francesco - SocialHR...SocialHRCamp
28 slides•167.1K views
Speaker: Lydia Di Francesco
In this workshop, participants will delve into the realm of AI and its profound potential to revolutionize employee wellness initiatives. From stress management to fostering work-life harmony, AI offers a myriad of innovative tools and strategies that can significantly enhance the wellbeing of employees in any organization. Attendees will learn how to effectively leverage AI technologies to cultivate a healthier, happier, and more productive workforce. Whether it's utilizing AI-powered chatbots for mental health support, implementing data analytics to identify internal, systemic risk factors, or deploying personalized wellness apps, this workshop will equip participants with actionable insights and best practices to harness the power of AI for boosting employee wellness. Join us and discover how AI can be a strategic partner towards a culture of wellbeing and resilience in the workplace.2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot by Marius Sescu, has 43 slides with 122672 views.https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
43 slides•122.7K views
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robotsRegulatory aspects of Clinical Trials PPT.pptx by Parag473737, has 25 slides with 182 views.Describing the clinical trials process and its regulatory aspects . showing the USFDA CDSCO EMA ICH guidelines.
has the phases of clinical trials and its process
IRB IEC preclinical clinical post clinical data studied.
well descriptive mannaer
Regulatory aspects of Clinical Trials PPT.pptxParag473737
25 slides•182 views
Describing the clinical trials process and its regulatory aspects . showing the USFDA CDSCO EMA ICH guidelines.
has the phases of clinical trials and its process
IRB IEC preclinical clinical post clinical data studied.
well descriptive mannaer
Sensory receptors and its properties_AntiCopy.pdf by MedicoseAcademics, has 55 slides with 260 views.Title: Sensory Receptors | Comprehensive Physiology Lecture by Dr. Faiza (MBBS, FCPS Physiology, CHPE, MPH, MBA)
Description:
This in-depth lecture on Sensory Receptors, delivered by Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology, is designed for undergraduate and postgraduate medical students, particularly those studying MBBS, BDS, or allied health sciences. It provides a comprehensive overview of the physiology of sensory receptors, integrating foundational concepts with clinical relevance.
Key Topics Covered:
Classification of sensory receptors based on stimulus type, location, and structure
Mechanism of sensory transduction: from stimulus to receptor potential and generation of action potential
Differences between tonic (slow-adapting) and phasic (rapid-adapting) receptors
Detailed comparison of major mechanoreceptors: structure, location, adaptation, and innervation
Modality, intensity, location, and duration as principles of sensory coding
Labeled Line Principle and Lateral Inhibition: how the brain identifies and localizes stimuli
Clinical insights into receptor adaptation, two-point discrimination, and rate receptors
Summary of graded vs action potentials and their roles in encoding stimulus strength
Overview of afferent fiber types and nerve fiber classification
Why Watch?
Conceptual clarity supported by well-organized diagrams and comparative tables
Designed for high-yield retention with clinical applications and exam relevance
Ideal for students preparing for university exams, FCPS/MD entrance tests, and health sciences educators revisiting core concepts
Created by a well-qualified educator with diverse expertise: MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore), FCPS Physiology, CHPE, DHPE (STMU), MPH, and MBA
Target Audience:
MBBS and BDS students
Postgraduate Physiology and Basic Sciences trainees
Nursing and Allied Health students
Sensory receptors and its properties_AntiCopy.pdfMedicoseAcademics
55 slides•260 views
Title: Sensory Receptors | Comprehensive Physiology Lecture by Dr. Faiza (MBBS, FCPS Physiology, CHPE, MPH, MBA)
Description:
This in-depth lecture on Sensory Receptors, delivered by Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology, is designed for undergraduate and postgraduate medical students, particularly those studying MBBS, BDS, or allied health sciences. It provides a comprehensive overview of the physiology of sensory receptors, integrating foundational concepts with clinical relevance.
Key Topics Covered:
Classification of sensory receptors based on stimulus type, location, and structure
Mechanism of sensory transduction: from stimulus to receptor potential and generation of action potential
Differences between tonic (slow-adapting) and phasic (rapid-adapting) receptors
Detailed comparison of major mechanoreceptors: structure, location, adaptation, and innervation
Modality, intensity, location, and duration as principles of sensory coding
Labeled Line Principle and Lateral Inhibition: how the brain identifies and localizes stimuli
Clinical insights into receptor adaptation, two-point discrimination, and rate receptors
Summary of graded vs action potentials and their roles in encoding stimulus strength
Overview of afferent fiber types and nerve fiber classification
Why Watch?
Conceptual clarity supported by well-organized diagrams and comparative tables
Designed for high-yield retention with clinical applications and exam relevance
Ideal for students preparing for university exams, FCPS/MD entrance tests, and health sciences educators revisiting core concepts
Created by a well-qualified educator with diverse expertise: MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore), FCPS Physiology, CHPE, DHPE (STMU), MPH, and MBA
Target Audience:
MBBS and BDS students
Postgraduate Physiology and Basic Sciences trainees
Nursing and Allied Health students
Common viral infections pharmacotherapeutics--2 by Harini Priya , has 25 slides with 20 views.It is fully based on pharmacotherapeutics--2 for pharm d
It covers entire therapy of diseases for common viral infections 
Common viral infections pharmacotherapeutics--2Harini Priya
25 slides•20 views
It is fully based on pharmacotherapeutics--2 for pharm d
It covers entire therapy of diseases for common viral infections Bridging the Gap: Leveraging Mobile Health (mHealth) to Improve Healthcare Ac... by raymondtraver56, has 1 slides with 219 views.In a nation as geographically diverse as Uganda, ensuring equitable access to healthcare remains a significant challenge. For many living in rural and remote communities, distance, transportation costs, and limited infrastructure create formidable barriers to essential medical services. However, a powerful and increasingly accessible tool offers a promising pathway to bridge this gap: mobile health, or mHealth
Bridging the Gap: Leveraging Mobile Health (mHealth) to Improve Healthcare Ac...raymondtraver56
1 slide•219 views
In a nation as geographically diverse as Uganda, ensuring equitable access to healthcare remains a significant challenge. For many living in rural and remote communities, distance, transportation costs, and limited infrastructure create formidable barriers to essential medical services. However, a powerful and increasingly accessible tool offers a promising pathway to bridge this gap: mobile health, or mHealthIntroduction to ergonomics Lecturs 1(a).pptx by Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences ,Quetta, has 17 slides with 274 views.The science of fitting jobs to people, and biomechanics, the study of human movement, are closely related and both important for workplace health and safety. Ergonomics aims to optimize the interaction between humans and their work environment to minimize stress and improve well-being. Biomechanics provides the scientific basis for understanding how human movements and forces affect the body, informing ergonomic interventions to prevent injuries and improve productivity.
Dr Aliya S.M
BUMHS,Qta
Introduction to ergonomics Lecturs 1(a).pptxBolan University of Medical and Health Sciences ,Quetta
17 slides•274 views
The science of fitting jobs to people, and biomechanics, the study of human movement, are closely related and both important for workplace health and safety. Ergonomics aims to optimize the interaction between humans and their work environment to minimize stress and improve well-being. Biomechanics provides the scientific basis for understanding how human movements and forces affect the body, informing ergonomic interventions to prevent injuries and improve productivity.
Dr Aliya S.M
BUMHS,QtaVENTOUSE delivery //operative delivery pptx by sonia, has 14 slides with 79 views.Ventouse is an instrumental device designed to assist delivery by creating a vacuum between it and the fetal scalp .
The pulling force is dragging the cranium while in forceps ,the pulling force is directly transmitted to the base of the skull
Vacuum extractor consists of
A specially designed cup with a diameter of 30mm, 40mm, 50mm and 60 mm
A rubber attaching the cup to a glass bottle with a screw in between to release the negative pressure
A manometer fitted in the mouth of the glass
Another rubber tube connecting the bottle to a suction piece which may be manual or electronic creating a negative pressure
VENTOUSE delivery //operative delivery pptxsonia
14 slides•79 views
Ventouse is an instrumental device designed to assist delivery by creating a vacuum between it and the fetal scalp .
The pulling force is dragging the cranium while in forceps ,the pulling force is directly transmitted to the base of the skull
Vacuum extractor consists of
A specially designed cup with a diameter of 30mm, 40mm, 50mm and 60 mm
A rubber attaching the cup to a glass bottle with a screw in between to release the negative pressure
A manometer fitted in the mouth of the glass
Another rubber tube connecting the bottle to a suction piece which may be manual or electronic creating a negative pressure
Sinusoidal Atrial Fibrillation (Yasser’s Fibrillation).pptx by YasserMohammedHassan1, has 47 slides with 42 views.Sinusoidal atrial fibrillations (Yasser’s fibrillation) or mixed AF are a new cardiovascular discovery. The partial sino-atrial nodal function has essential role in the presence of Sinusoidal atrial fibrillations (Yasser’s fibrillation) or mixed AF and its interpretation. Sinusoidal atrial fibrillations (Yasser’s fibrillation) or mixed AF may be balanced between AF and normal sinus rhythm. The percentages of normal sinus beats to AF beats in the cases of Sinusoidal atrial fibrillations (Yasser’s fibrillation) may be a guide for approximate healthy or sick part of the sinoatrial node. Widening the research for the Sinusoidal atrial fibrillations (Yasser’s fibrillation) or mixed AF will be recommended.
Sinusoidal Atrial Fibrillation (Yasser’s Fibrillation).pptxYasserMohammedHassan1
47 slides•42 views
Sinusoidal atrial fibrillations (Yasser’s fibrillation) or mixed AF are a new cardiovascular discovery. The partial sino-atrial nodal function has essential role in the presence of Sinusoidal atrial fibrillations (Yasser’s fibrillation) or mixed AF and its interpretation. Sinusoidal atrial fibrillations (Yasser’s fibrillation) or mixed AF may be balanced between AF and normal sinus rhythm. The percentages of normal sinus beats to AF beats in the cases of Sinusoidal atrial fibrillations (Yasser’s fibrillation) may be a guide for approximate healthy or sick part of the sinoatrial node. Widening the research for the Sinusoidal atrial fibrillations (Yasser’s fibrillation) or mixed AF will be recommended.Testis & spermatic cord -Prof.Dr.N.Mugunthan.pdf by Kanyakumari Medical Mission Research Center, Muttom, has 34 slides with 134 views.Anatomy of the Testis:Coverings (from outermost to innermost)
Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral layers)
Tunica albuginea (fibrous capsule directly covering the testis)
Tunica vasculosa
Internal Structure:
Lobules: Each testis contains ~250 lobules.
Seminiferous Tubules: Coiled structures in each lobule where sperm is produced.
Straight Tubules → Rete Testis: Collect sperm from seminiferous tubules.
Efferent Ductules: Carry sperm to the epididymis.
Associated Structures:
Epididymis: Coiled tube where sperm matures and is stored.
Vas deferens: Carries mature sperm to the ejaculatory duct.
Anatomy of the Spermatic Cord:
Extends from the deep inguinal ring to the testis and is covered by:
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia and muscle
Internal spermatic fascia
Contents of the Spermatic Cord:
Vas deferens
Testicular artery (from abdominal aorta)
Pampiniform plexus (venous drainage; helps regulate temperature)
Cremasteric artery and vein
Artery to vas deferens
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (supplies cremaster muscle)
Autonomic nerves
Lymphatic vessels
Remnants of processus vaginalis (if present)
Testis & spermatic cord -Prof.Dr.N.Mugunthan.pdfKanyakumari Medical Mission Research Center, Muttom
34 slides•134 views
Anatomy of the Testis:Coverings (from outermost to innermost)
Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral layers)
Tunica albuginea (fibrous capsule directly covering the testis)
Tunica vasculosa
Internal Structure:
Lobules: Each testis contains ~250 lobules.
Seminiferous Tubules: Coiled structures in each lobule where sperm is produced.
Straight Tubules → Rete Testis: Collect sperm from seminiferous tubules.
Efferent Ductules: Carry sperm to the epididymis.
Associated Structures:
Epididymis: Coiled tube where sperm matures and is stored.
Vas deferens: Carries mature sperm to the ejaculatory duct.
Anatomy of the Spermatic Cord:
Extends from the deep inguinal ring to the testis and is covered by:
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia and muscle
Internal spermatic fascia
Contents of the Spermatic Cord:
Vas deferens
Testicular artery (from abdominal aorta)
Pampiniform plexus (venous drainage; helps regulate temperature)
Cremasteric artery and vein
Artery to vas deferens
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (supplies cremaster muscle)
Autonomic nerves
Lymphatic vessels
Remnants of processus vaginalis (if present)
Ventricles and Cerebro Spinal Fluid notes by Anurag Joseph, has 4 slides with 253 views.🧠 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Clear, colorless fluid found in the brain and spinal cord
Produced by the choroid plexus in the ventricles
Functions:
Cushions the brain (protection)
Removes waste
Delivers nutrients
Maintains intracranial pressure
Normal volume: ~150 mL
Circulates through ventricles → subarachnoid space → absorbed by arachnoid villi into venous system
🧠 Ventricles of the Brain
4 interconnected cavities filled with CSF:
Lateral ventricles (2) – one in each cerebral hemisphere
Third ventricle – midline, between the thalamus
Fourth ventricle – between brainstem and cerebellum
CSF flow:
Lateral ventricles → Foramen of Monro → Third ventricle → Cerebral aqueduct → Fourth ventricle → Subarachnoid space
Ventricles and Cerebro Spinal Fluid notesAnurag Joseph
4 slides•253 views
🧠 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Clear, colorless fluid found in the brain and spinal cord
Produced by the choroid plexus in the ventricles
Functions:
Cushions the brain (protection)
Removes waste
Delivers nutrients
Maintains intracranial pressure
Normal volume: ~150 mL
Circulates through ventricles → subarachnoid space → absorbed by arachnoid villi into venous system
🧠 Ventricles of the Brain
4 interconnected cavities filled with CSF:
Lateral ventricles (2) – one in each cerebral hemisphere
Third ventricle – midline, between the thalamus
Fourth ventricle – between brainstem and cerebellum
CSF flow:
Lateral ventricles → Foramen of Monro → Third ventricle → Cerebral aqueduct → Fourth ventricle → Subarachnoid spaceCell culture techniques M pharmacy Sem 2 by 28SamruddhiKadam, has 26 slides with 41 views.1. Basic equipment used in cell culture lab.
2. Cell culture media
3. various types of cell culture
4. general procedure for cell cultures
5. isolation of cells
6. subculture
7. cryopreservation
8. characterization of cells and their applications
9. Principles and applications of cell viability assays (MTT assays)
10. Principles and applications of flow cytometry.
Cell culture techniques M pharmacy Sem 228SamruddhiKadam
26 slides•41 views
1. Basic equipment used in cell culture lab.
2. Cell culture media
3. various types of cell culture
4. general procedure for cell cultures
5. isolation of cells
6. subculture
7. cryopreservation
8. characterization of cells and their applications
9. Principles and applications of cell viability assays (MTT assays)
10. Principles and applications of flow cytometry.ADHD || Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Dissorder by Anurag Joseph, has 64 slides with 204 views.ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Presented by: Anurag Joseph
Course: M.Sc. Final Year (Mental Health Nursing)
Institution: SMT RD GARDI Nurses Training Centre
Case Study 1 – Inattentive Type (Raju)
5th standard student
Trouble focusing in class; often daydreams
Misses deadlines; delays homework
Slow information processing; indecisive
Case Study 2 – Hyperactive-Impulsive Type (Rahul)
3rd standard student
Cannot sit still; loud and aggressive
Talks fast; interrupts; impatient
Disruptive, energetic when unsupervised
Behavioral Problems in School
Inattention + Hyperactivity
Impacts learning, peer interaction, discipline
Introduction
ADHD is a developmental disorder marked by co-existing attention problems and hyperactivity, rarely found alone.
Definition (DSM-5 Inspired)
A neurodevelopmental disorder with persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, interfering with functioning or development, starting in childhood.
Prevalence
5.1 million children diagnosed in the U.S.
6.8% (ages 4–10), 11.4% (ages 11–14), 10.2% (ages 15–17)
Symptoms may appear by age 4; diagnosable by 7
68% of affected children carry symptoms into adulthood
Causes of ADHD
Genetic Causes
Strong hereditary link
Runs in families
Biological Factors
Brain and neurotransmitter dysfunction
Abnormal brain region volumes
Environmental Factors
Exposure to toxins (e.g., microplastics)
Prenatal and perinatal risks
Unstable home or school environment
Psychological Contributions
Negative feedback from peers/teachers
Low self-esteem, peer rejection, isolation
Symptoms of ADHD
1. Inattention
Easily distracted, forgetful, daydreams
Avoids long tasks, misses details
Trouble completing homework and following instructions
Difficulty processing information
2. Hyperactivity
Fidgeting, inability to sit still
Excessive talking and movement
Constantly in motion, impulsive behavior
3. Impulsiveness
Acts without thinking, interrupts frequently
Instant gratification, inappropriate outbursts
Anxiety about future events
Why ADHD Children Are Different
Issues in executive functions, working memory, motor inhibition, time management, and emotional regulation
Problems with decision making, reward system, and risky behavior
Diagnosis of ADHD
Requires ≥6 symptoms (children) or ≥5 symptoms (adolescents/adults) over 6+ months in 2+ settings
Tools include:
Medical, neurological, vision, hearing exams
Psychiatric evaluation (IQ, academics)
Teacher/parent observations
Brain imaging (MRI), prenatal history
DSM-5 Key Diagnostic Points
Persistent inattention/hyperactivity
Symptoms must interfere with daily function
Inattention signs include careless mistakes, trouble focusing, forgetfulness, etc.
Management Goals & Strategies
1. Prevent Trauma
Provide structured environments
Maintain routine for predictability
2. Improve Thought Process
Use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Consider medication if necessary
3. Boost Self-Esteem
Encourage positive 
ADHD || Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DissorderAnurag Joseph
64 slides•204 views
ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Presented by: Anurag Joseph
Course: M.Sc. Final Year (Mental Health Nursing)
Institution: SMT RD GARDI Nurses Training Centre
Case Study 1 – Inattentive Type (Raju)
5th standard student
Trouble focusing in class; often daydreams
Misses deadlines; delays homework
Slow information processing; indecisive
Case Study 2 – Hyperactive-Impulsive Type (Rahul)
3rd standard student
Cannot sit still; loud and aggressive
Talks fast; interrupts; impatient
Disruptive, energetic when unsupervised
Behavioral Problems in School
Inattention + Hyperactivity
Impacts learning, peer interaction, discipline
Introduction
ADHD is a developmental disorder marked by co-existing attention problems and hyperactivity, rarely found alone.
Definition (DSM-5 Inspired)
A neurodevelopmental disorder with persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, interfering with functioning or development, starting in childhood.
Prevalence
5.1 million children diagnosed in the U.S.
6.8% (ages 4–10), 11.4% (ages 11–14), 10.2% (ages 15–17)
Symptoms may appear by age 4; diagnosable by 7
68% of affected children carry symptoms into adulthood
Causes of ADHD
Genetic Causes
Strong hereditary link
Runs in families
Biological Factors
Brain and neurotransmitter dysfunction
Abnormal brain region volumes
Environmental Factors
Exposure to toxins (e.g., microplastics)
Prenatal and perinatal risks
Unstable home or school environment
Psychological Contributions
Negative feedback from peers/teachers
Low self-esteem, peer rejection, isolation
Symptoms of ADHD
1. Inattention
Easily distracted, forgetful, daydreams
Avoids long tasks, misses details
Trouble completing homework and following instructions
Difficulty processing information
2. Hyperactivity
Fidgeting, inability to sit still
Excessive talking and movement
Constantly in motion, impulsive behavior
3. Impulsiveness
Acts without thinking, interrupts frequently
Instant gratification, inappropriate outbursts
Anxiety about future events
Why ADHD Children Are Different
Issues in executive functions, working memory, motor inhibition, time management, and emotional regulation
Problems with decision making, reward system, and risky behavior
Diagnosis of ADHD
Requires ≥6 symptoms (children) or ≥5 symptoms (adolescents/adults) over 6+ months in 2+ settings
Tools include:
Medical, neurological, vision, hearing exams
Psychiatric evaluation (IQ, academics)
Teacher/parent observations
Brain imaging (MRI), prenatal history
DSM-5 Key Diagnostic Points
Persistent inattention/hyperactivity
Symptoms must interfere with daily function
Inattention signs include careless mistakes, trouble focusing, forgetfulness, etc.
Management Goals & Strategies
1. Prevent Trauma
Provide structured environments
Maintain routine for predictability
2. Improve Thought Process
Use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Consider medication if necessary
3. Boost Self-Esteem
Encourage positive Anaemia & Polycythaemia Physiological Basis by MedicoseAcademics, has 36 slides with 210 views.📌 Title: Anemia – Types, Causes, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Features | Dr. Faiza
🎓 Presented by: Dr. Faiza
Assistant Professor of Physiology
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
🩸 This presentation is a comprehensive overview of Anemia, designed for medical students and healthcare professionals. It covers:
🔬 Learning Objectives:
Classification of anemias: Microcytic, Macrocytic, Normocytic
Differentiation based on etiology, lab findings, and clinical presentation
Unique features of hereditary and acquired anemias (e.g., thalassemia, sickle cell disease)
Diagnostic approaches and pathophysiological mechanisms
Impact of anemia on circulatory function
An overview of polycythemia vera vs secondary polycythemia
💉 Includes detailed tables, RBC indices, blood picture interpretation, and mnemonics for easier recall.
🧠 Ideal for:
MBBS and BDS students
FCPS Part 1 candidates
Educators revising core physiology
Clinical practitioners updating their concepts
📚 Topics Covered:
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Thalassemia (Alpha & Beta)
Sickle Cell Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia (Vitamin B12 & Folate)
Aplastic Anemia
Acute Blood Loss
Hemolytic Anemias (Hereditary Spherocytosis, G6PD Deficiency)
Circulatory changes in anemia
Primary & Secondary Polycythemia
Anaemia & Polycythaemia Physiological BasisMedicoseAcademics
36 slides•210 views
📌 Title: Anemia – Types, Causes, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Features | Dr. Faiza
🎓 Presented by: Dr. Faiza
Assistant Professor of Physiology
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
🩸 This presentation is a comprehensive overview of Anemia, designed for medical students and healthcare professionals. It covers:
🔬 Learning Objectives:
Classification of anemias: Microcytic, Macrocytic, Normocytic
Differentiation based on etiology, lab findings, and clinical presentation
Unique features of hereditary and acquired anemias (e.g., thalassemia, sickle cell disease)
Diagnostic approaches and pathophysiological mechanisms
Impact of anemia on circulatory function
An overview of polycythemia vera vs secondary polycythemia
💉 Includes detailed tables, RBC indices, blood picture interpretation, and mnemonics for easier recall.
🧠 Ideal for:
MBBS and BDS students
FCPS Part 1 candidates
Educators revising core physiology
Clinical practitioners updating their concepts
📚 Topics Covered:
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Thalassemia (Alpha & Beta)
Sickle Cell Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia (Vitamin B12 & Folate)
Aplastic Anemia
Acute Blood Loss
Hemolytic Anemias (Hereditary Spherocytosis, G6PD Deficiency)
Circulatory changes in anemia
Primary & Secondary Polycythemia
DEMENTIA || degenerative neurologiclal dissorder by Anurag Joseph, has 28 slides with 230 views.Slide 1: Title Slide
Title: Understanding Dementia: Definition, Types, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Management, and Nursing Care Plan
Subtitle: A comprehensive guide for nursing students
Slide 2: Definition of Dementia
Definition:
Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive ability severe enough to interfere with daily life.
Characteristics:
Memory loss
Difficulty with communication and reasoning
Progressive and irreversible decline
Affects behavior, thinking, and emotions
Slide 3: Types of Dementia
Alzheimer's Disease:
Most common form
Characterized by memory loss, confusion, and changes in behavior
Vascular Dementia:
Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain (stroke or series of strokes)
Symptoms: Impaired judgment, memory loss
Lewy Body Dementia:
Hallucinations, movement problems, and cognitive decline
Frontotemporal Dementia:
Affects personality, behavior, and language, often at a younger age
Slide 4: Diagnosis of Dementia
Methods of Diagnosis:
Clinical Assessment:
Detailed patient history (family, cognitive changes)
Cognitive Testing (e.g., MMSE):
Mini-Mental State Examination to assess cognitive function
Neuroimaging (CT/MRI):
Identifies structural brain changes
Laboratory Tests:
Rule out other causes (e.g., thyroid disorders, vitamin deficiencies)
Slide 5: Pathophysiology of Dementia
Neurodegenerative Processes:
Alzheimer’s Disease: Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles damage brain cells
Vascular Dementia: Reduced blood supply due to blockages or mini-strokes
Cognitive Decline:
Impaired communication between neurons
Brain regions affected: hippocampus, frontal lobe, temporal lobe
Progressive Nature:
Loss of neurons and synaptic connections over time, leading to increased functional decline
Slide 6: Management of Dementia
Pharmacological Treatment:
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: (e.g., Donepezil) for Alzheimer's
NMDA Antagonists: (e.g., Memantine) for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s
Antipsychotics: For managing severe behavioral symptoms (caution with side effects)
Antidepressants: For mood stabilization
Non-Pharmacological Treatment:
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST): Stimulate memory and cognitive skills
Behavioral Therapy: For managing aggression or depression
Social Interaction & Routine Activities: Help with orientation and reduce anxiety
Physical Activity: Promotes brain health and overall well-being
Slide 7: Nursing Care Plan for Dementia
Assessment:
Monitor cognitive function, mood, and behavior changes
Evaluate risk for falls, malnutrition, and skin integrity
Assess the need for caregiver support and education
Nursing Diagnoses:
Impaired Memory
Risk for Injury
Disturbed Thought Processes
Caregiver Role Strain
Goals:
Maximize cognitive function as much as possible
Maintain safety and prevent injury
Improve quality of life for the patient and caregiver
Interventions:
Promote a structured daily routine to reduce confusion
Provide cognitive stimulation
DEMENTIA || degenerative neurologiclal dissorderAnurag Joseph
28 slides•230 views
Slide 1: Title Slide
Title: Understanding Dementia: Definition, Types, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Management, and Nursing Care Plan
Subtitle: A comprehensive guide for nursing students
Slide 2: Definition of Dementia
Definition:
Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive ability severe enough to interfere with daily life.
Characteristics:
Memory loss
Difficulty with communication and reasoning
Progressive and irreversible decline
Affects behavior, thinking, and emotions
Slide 3: Types of Dementia
Alzheimer's Disease:
Most common form
Characterized by memory loss, confusion, and changes in behavior
Vascular Dementia:
Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain (stroke or series of strokes)
Symptoms: Impaired judgment, memory loss
Lewy Body Dementia:
Hallucinations, movement problems, and cognitive decline
Frontotemporal Dementia:
Affects personality, behavior, and language, often at a younger age
Slide 4: Diagnosis of Dementia
Methods of Diagnosis:
Clinical Assessment:
Detailed patient history (family, cognitive changes)
Cognitive Testing (e.g., MMSE):
Mini-Mental State Examination to assess cognitive function
Neuroimaging (CT/MRI):
Identifies structural brain changes
Laboratory Tests:
Rule out other causes (e.g., thyroid disorders, vitamin deficiencies)
Slide 5: Pathophysiology of Dementia
Neurodegenerative Processes:
Alzheimer’s Disease: Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles damage brain cells
Vascular Dementia: Reduced blood supply due to blockages or mini-strokes
Cognitive Decline:
Impaired communication between neurons
Brain regions affected: hippocampus, frontal lobe, temporal lobe
Progressive Nature:
Loss of neurons and synaptic connections over time, leading to increased functional decline
Slide 6: Management of Dementia
Pharmacological Treatment:
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: (e.g., Donepezil) for Alzheimer's
NMDA Antagonists: (e.g., Memantine) for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s
Antipsychotics: For managing severe behavioral symptoms (caution with side effects)
Antidepressants: For mood stabilization
Non-Pharmacological Treatment:
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST): Stimulate memory and cognitive skills
Behavioral Therapy: For managing aggression or depression
Social Interaction & Routine Activities: Help with orientation and reduce anxiety
Physical Activity: Promotes brain health and overall well-being
Slide 7: Nursing Care Plan for Dementia
Assessment:
Monitor cognitive function, mood, and behavior changes
Evaluate risk for falls, malnutrition, and skin integrity
Assess the need for caregiver support and education
Nursing Diagnoses:
Impaired Memory
Risk for Injury
Disturbed Thought Processes
Caregiver Role Strain
Goals:
Maximize cognitive function as much as possible
Maintain safety and prevent injury
Improve quality of life for the patient and caregiver
Interventions:
Promote a structured daily routine to reduce confusion
Provide cognitive stimulationBiophysics Thermodynamics 1 Chapter Notes by PKLI-Institute of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Lahore , Pakistan., has 23 slides with 430 views.Biophysics – Unit 01: Thermodynamics
This unit introduces the fundamental principles of thermodynamics and their application in biological and physiological systems. It explores how energy is exchanged and transformed in the human body, forming the basis of many critical clinical processes.
Key Concepts Covered:
System & Surroundings: Open, closed, and isolated systems relevant to physiological environments (e.g., respiratory system as an open system).
Zeroth Law: Basis for clinical thermometry and body temperature regulation.
First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Energy Conservation): Application in calorimetry, metabolic rate calculation, and ATP energy balance.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Directionality of biological processes, entropy, and energy efficiency in muscle contraction and enzymatic activity.
Third Law: Conceptual relevance in absolute zero and physiological limits.
Clinical Applications:
Energy transformations during cellular respiration
Thermal regulation and homeostasis in patients
Bioenergetics in critical care (e.g., post-operative energy needs, fever metabolism)
Use of thermodynamic principles in medical devices (ventilators, incubators, dialysis machines)
Biophysics Thermodynamics 1 Chapter NotesPKLI-Institute of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Lahore , Pakistan.
23 slides•430 views
Biophysics – Unit 01: Thermodynamics
This unit introduces the fundamental principles of thermodynamics and their application in biological and physiological systems. It explores how energy is exchanged and transformed in the human body, forming the basis of many critical clinical processes.
Key Concepts Covered:
System & Surroundings: Open, closed, and isolated systems relevant to physiological environments (e.g., respiratory system as an open system).
Zeroth Law: Basis for clinical thermometry and body temperature regulation.
First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Energy Conservation): Application in calorimetry, metabolic rate calculation, and ATP energy balance.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Directionality of biological processes, entropy, and energy efficiency in muscle contraction and enzymatic activity.
Third Law: Conceptual relevance in absolute zero and physiological limits.
Clinical Applications:
Energy transformations during cellular respiration
Thermal regulation and homeostasis in patients
Bioenergetics in critical care (e.g., post-operative energy needs, fever metabolism)
Use of thermodynamic principles in medical devices (ventilators, incubators, dialysis machines)Medical Negligence and Medical Ethics.pptx by Dr Kadiyali. M. Srivatsa, has 65 slides with 290 views.Negligence & Medical Ethics – The Unspoken Pandemic Presented by Dr. Kadiyali M Srivatsa
Every day, patients walk into clinics, trusting someone will care for them. But what if I told you…
that medical errors are now the third leading cause of death in the world?
Yes—after heart disease and cancer.
And the tragedy?
Most of these deaths are preventable.
🎬 Scene 2: Medical Negligence – A Global Crisis
On Screen:
⚠️ FACT: 2.6 million deaths annually are linked to medical errors – WHO
Narration:
According to the World Health Organization,
over 2.6 million people die every year due to unsafe medical care.
In high-income countries,
1 in 10 patients is harmed while receiving hospital care.
In low- and middle-income countries…
the number is likely even higher, but underreported.
This… is a silent pandemic.
Act of Commission vs. Omission
Negligence isn’t always about what’s done. It’s often about what is not done.
Doing what shouldn’t be done. Or…
failing to do what must be done.
Both destroy lives.
Nurses Acting as Doctors
Untrained, Unsupervised, Unethical. In some systems, nurses with only 6 months of training diagnose, prescribe, and manage patients without supervision.
This is not progress. It’s cost-cutting at the cost of lives.
Since 2006, hospitals in the UK began replacing doctors with “Independent Nurse Practitioners and prescriber.”
And what happened?
Avoidable deaths doubled. Medical litigation rose to £1.5 billion. Hospitals started collapsing under the weight of compensation claims.
Real Cases – Real Suffering
On Screen:
🚨 True Stories That Shake the Soul
Narration:
A nurse tells a 23-year-old woman with yellow eyes “It’s just a flu. Take paracetamol.” Two days later, she’s in liver failure.
A young man misdiagnosed with shingles actually has septicemia—He collapses in shock. Survives—but just barely.
A toddler with pneumonia is sent home. Told to return after the weekend.
She nearly dies. These are not accidents.
These are acts of negligence. And behind every mistake… is a family left grieving.
Why did I create Dr. Maya GPT?
Dr. Maya GPT – A Global Guardian for Patient Safety. I could no longer bear to watch patients suffer due to systemic negligence,
corporate cost-cutting, and ego-driven medicine.
Dr. Maya is not a replacement for doctors.
It is a guide.
A safety net.
An AI-powered guardian that helps people identify when to seek help—
and most importantly, whom to trust.
The Ethical Compass – Diligence - A Universal Virtue Across Faiths
Whether it's the teachings of the Bible, the Quran, the Gita, or the Dhammapada -they all echo one truth:
“Act with diligence.” That means effort. Integrity.
And doing the right thing—even when no one is watching.
Medical Negligence and Medical Ethics.pptxDr Kadiyali. M. Srivatsa
65 slides•290 views
Negligence & Medical Ethics – The Unspoken Pandemic Presented by Dr. Kadiyali M Srivatsa
Every day, patients walk into clinics, trusting someone will care for them. But what if I told you…
that medical errors are now the third leading cause of death in the world?
Yes—after heart disease and cancer.
And the tragedy?
Most of these deaths are preventable.
🎬 Scene 2: Medical Negligence – A Global Crisis
On Screen:
⚠️ FACT: 2.6 million deaths annually are linked to medical errors – WHO
Narration:
According to the World Health Organization,
over 2.6 million people die every year due to unsafe medical care.
In high-income countries,
1 in 10 patients is harmed while receiving hospital care.
In low- and middle-income countries…
the number is likely even higher, but underreported.
This… is a silent pandemic.
Act of Commission vs. Omission
Negligence isn’t always about what’s done. It’s often about what is not done.
Doing what shouldn’t be done. Or…
failing to do what must be done.
Both destroy lives.
Nurses Acting as Doctors
Untrained, Unsupervised, Unethical. In some systems, nurses with only 6 months of training diagnose, prescribe, and manage patients without supervision.
This is not progress. It’s cost-cutting at the cost of lives.
Since 2006, hospitals in the UK began replacing doctors with “Independent Nurse Practitioners and prescriber.”
And what happened?
Avoidable deaths doubled. Medical litigation rose to £1.5 billion. Hospitals started collapsing under the weight of compensation claims.
Real Cases – Real Suffering
On Screen:
🚨 True Stories That Shake the Soul
Narration:
A nurse tells a 23-year-old woman with yellow eyes “It’s just a flu. Take paracetamol.” Two days later, she’s in liver failure.
A young man misdiagnosed with shingles actually has septicemia—He collapses in shock. Survives—but just barely.
A toddler with pneumonia is sent home. Told to return after the weekend.
She nearly dies. These are not accidents.
These are acts of negligence. And behind every mistake… is a family left grieving.
Why did I create Dr. Maya GPT?
Dr. Maya GPT – A Global Guardian for Patient Safety. I could no longer bear to watch patients suffer due to systemic negligence,
corporate cost-cutting, and ego-driven medicine.
Dr. Maya is not a replacement for doctors.
It is a guide.
A safety net.
An AI-powered guardian that helps people identify when to seek help—
and most importantly, whom to trust.
The Ethical Compass – Diligence - A Universal Virtue Across Faiths
Whether it's the teachings of the Bible, the Quran, the Gita, or the Dhammapada -they all echo one truth:
“Act with diligence.” That means effort. Integrity.
And doing the right thing—even when no one is watching.Diseases of Bones and Joints: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, and C... by Dr Aman Suresh Tharayil, has 27 slides with 120 views.This slide deck outlines major disorders affecting bones and joints, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, gout, and an introduction to cancer. It includes etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment strategies for each condition. The presentation is intended for pharmacy, physiotherapy, and nursing students looking to strengthen their grasp of musculoskeletal pathology and its management. Simple visuals and structured content make it ideal for classroom teaching and personal revision.
Diseases of Bones and Joints: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, and C...Dr Aman Suresh Tharayil
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Streamlining Pharma Logistics A Guide to Good Distribution Practices (GDP).pptx
Streamlining Pharma Logistics A Guide to Good Distribution Practices (GDP).pptxDr. Smita Kumbhar Good Distribution Practices (GDP) are a critical component of quality assurance in the pharmaceutical supply chain, ensuring that medicines are consistently stored, transported, and handled under suitable conditions. Adhering to GDP helps safeguard product quality and protect patients from ineffective or harmful pharmaceuticals. As global commerce expands, harmonized GDP regulations have emerged, supported by WHO, USP, CDSCO, and ISO frameworks. This article explores the legal landscape, principles, operational standards, personnel responsibilities, documentation protocols, premises and equipment norms, delivery and return procedures, self-inspection processes, and the role of stability testing, offering a comprehensive view of the global GDP ecosystem.
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Good Distribution Practices refer to a set of guidelines ensuring that pharmaceutical products are consistently stored, transported, and handled under suitable conditions as required by the marketing authorization or product specification. The concept is closely related to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), with a focus on the post-manufacturing phase of the supply chain. GDP encompasses the entire logistical flow from the manufacturer to the final point of supply, ensuring integrity, traceability, and safety of medicinal products.
GDP is essential because any deviation in storage or transport conditions can compromise the product's efficacy and safety. Compliance with GDP minimizes the risks related to contamination, mix-ups, and product degradation, and helps in the identification and recall of defective products.
2. Legal GDP Requirements Worldwide
Various global bodies have established GDP guidelines. In the European Union, the most referenced document is the "Guidelines on Good Distribution Practice of medicinal products for human use" (2013/C 343/01). These guidelines outline specific requirements for personnel, premises, documentation, and transportation.
In the United States, the FDA and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) provide detailed standards concerning the distribution of pharmaceutical products. USP Chapter <1079> focuses on good storage and shipping practices, particularly for temperature-sensitive products.
WHO provides GDP guidelines applicable to all member states, particularly focusing on developing nations to ensure consistent quality standards. Similarly, India's Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) issues GDP-related rules, focusing on wholesalers, distributors, and transportation services. These regional adaptations serve to align GDP globally while respecting local regulatory and infrastructural capacities.
3. Core Principles of GDP
The foundation of GDP lies in the following principles:
• Ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical products during distribution.
• Full traceability of every product batch throughout the supply chain.
• Preventing counterfeit or substandard medicines
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Environmental Factors
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Prenatal and perinatal risks
Unstable home or school environment
Psychological Contributions
Negative feedback from peers/teachers
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Fidgeting, inability to sit still
Excessive talking and movement
Constantly in motion, impulsive behavior
3. Impulsiveness
Acts without thinking, interrupts frequently
Instant gratification, inappropriate outbursts
Anxiety about future events
Why ADHD Children Are Different
Issues in executive functions, working memory, motor inhibition, time management, and emotional regulation
Problems with decision making, reward system, and risky behavior
Diagnosis of ADHD
Requires ≥6 symptoms (children) or ≥5 symptoms (adolescents/adults) over 6+ months in 2+ settings
Tools include:
Medical, neurological, vision, hearing exams
Psychiatric evaluation (IQ, academics)
Teacher/parent observations
Brain imaging (MRI), prenatal history
DSM-5 Key Diagnostic Points
Persistent inattention/hyperactivity
Symptoms must interfere with daily function
Inattention signs include careless mistakes, trouble focusing, forgetfulness, etc.
Management Goals & Strategies
1. Prevent Trauma
Provide structured environments
Maintain routine for predictability
2. Improve Thought Process
Use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Consider medication if necessary
3. Boost Self-Esteem
Encourage positive
Anaemia & Polycythaemia Physiological Basis
Anaemia & Polycythaemia Physiological BasisMedicoseAcademics 📌 Title: Anemia – Types, Causes, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Features | Dr. Faiza
🎓 Presented by: Dr. Faiza
Assistant Professor of Physiology
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
🩸 This presentation is a comprehensive overview of Anemia, designed for medical students and healthcare professionals. It covers:
🔬 Learning Objectives:
Classification of anemias: Microcytic, Macrocytic, Normocytic
Differentiation based on etiology, lab findings, and clinical presentation
Unique features of hereditary and acquired anemias (e.g., thalassemia, sickle cell disease)
Diagnostic approaches and pathophysiological mechanisms
Impact of anemia on circulatory function
An overview of polycythemia vera vs secondary polycythemia
💉 Includes detailed tables, RBC indices, blood picture interpretation, and mnemonics for easier recall.
🧠 Ideal for:
MBBS and BDS students
FCPS Part 1 candidates
Educators revising core physiology
Clinical practitioners updating their concepts
📚 Topics Covered:
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Thalassemia (Alpha & Beta)
Sickle Cell Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia (Vitamin B12 & Folate)
Aplastic Anemia
Acute Blood Loss
Hemolytic Anemias (Hereditary Spherocytosis, G6PD Deficiency)
Circulatory changes in anemia
Primary & Secondary Polycythemia
DEMENTIA || degenerative neurologiclal dissorder
DEMENTIA || degenerative neurologiclal dissorderAnurag Joseph Slide 1: Title Slide
Title: Understanding Dementia: Definition, Types, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Management, and Nursing Care Plan
Subtitle: A comprehensive guide for nursing students
Slide 2: Definition of Dementia
Definition:
Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive ability severe enough to interfere with daily life.
Characteristics:
Memory loss
Difficulty with communication and reasoning
Progressive and irreversible decline
Affects behavior, thinking, and emotions
Slide 3: Types of Dementia
Alzheimer's Disease:
Most common form
Characterized by memory loss, confusion, and changes in behavior
Vascular Dementia:
Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain (stroke or series of strokes)
Symptoms: Impaired judgment, memory loss
Lewy Body Dementia:
Hallucinations, movement problems, and cognitive decline
Frontotemporal Dementia:
Affects personality, behavior, and language, often at a younger age
Slide 4: Diagnosis of Dementia
Methods of Diagnosis:
Clinical Assessment:
Detailed patient history (family, cognitive changes)
Cognitive Testing (e.g., MMSE):
Mini-Mental State Examination to assess cognitive function
Neuroimaging (CT/MRI):
Identifies structural brain changes
Laboratory Tests:
Rule out other causes (e.g., thyroid disorders, vitamin deficiencies)
Slide 5: Pathophysiology of Dementia
Neurodegenerative Processes:
Alzheimer’s Disease: Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles damage brain cells
Vascular Dementia: Reduced blood supply due to blockages or mini-strokes
Cognitive Decline:
Impaired communication between neurons
Brain regions affected: hippocampus, frontal lobe, temporal lobe
Progressive Nature:
Loss of neurons and synaptic connections over time, leading to increased functional decline
Slide 6: Management of Dementia
Pharmacological Treatment:
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: (e.g., Donepezil) for Alzheimer's
NMDA Antagonists: (e.g., Memantine) for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s
Antipsychotics: For managing severe behavioral symptoms (caution with side effects)
Antidepressants: For mood stabilization
Non-Pharmacological Treatment:
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST): Stimulate memory and cognitive skills
Behavioral Therapy: For managing aggression or depression
Social Interaction & Routine Activities: Help with orientation and reduce anxiety
Physical Activity: Promotes brain health and overall well-being
Slide 7: Nursing Care Plan for Dementia
Assessment:
Monitor cognitive function, mood, and behavior changes
Evaluate risk for falls, malnutrition, and skin integrity
Assess the need for caregiver support and education
Nursing Diagnoses:
Impaired Memory
Risk for Injury
Disturbed Thought Processes
Caregiver Role Strain
Goals:
Maximize cognitive function as much as possible
Maintain safety and prevent injury
Improve quality of life for the patient and caregiver
Interventions:
Promote a structured daily routine to reduce confusion
Provide cognitive stimulation
Biophysics Thermodynamics 1 Chapter Notes
Biophysics Thermodynamics 1 Chapter NotesPKLI-Institute of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Lahore , Pakistan. Biophysics – Unit 01: Thermodynamics
This unit introduces the fundamental principles of thermodynamics and their application in biological and physiological systems. It explores how energy is exchanged and transformed in the human body, forming the basis of many critical clinical processes.
Key Concepts Covered:
System & Surroundings: Open, closed, and isolated systems relevant to physiological environments (e.g., respiratory system as an open system).
Zeroth Law: Basis for clinical thermometry and body temperature regulation.
First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Energy Conservation): Application in calorimetry, metabolic rate calculation, and ATP energy balance.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Directionality of biological processes, entropy, and energy efficiency in muscle contraction and enzymatic activity.
Third Law: Conceptual relevance in absolute zero and physiological limits.
Clinical Applications:
Energy transformations during cellular respiration
Thermal regulation and homeostasis in patients
Bioenergetics in critical care (e.g., post-operative energy needs, fever metabolism)
Use of thermodynamic principles in medical devices (ventilators, incubators, dialysis machines)
Medical Negligence and Medical Ethics.pptx
Medical Negligence and Medical Ethics.pptxDr Kadiyali. M. Srivatsa Negligence & Medical Ethics – The Unspoken Pandemic Presented by Dr. Kadiyali M Srivatsa
Every day, patients walk into clinics, trusting someone will care for them. But what if I told you…
that medical errors are now the third leading cause of death in the world?
Yes—after heart disease and cancer.
And the tragedy?
Most of these deaths are preventable.
🎬 Scene 2: Medical Negligence – A Global Crisis
On Screen:
⚠️ FACT: 2.6 million deaths annually are linked to medical errors – WHO
Narration:
According to the World Health Organization,
over 2.6 million people die every year due to unsafe medical care.
In high-income countries,
1 in 10 patients is harmed while receiving hospital care.
In low- and middle-income countries…
the number is likely even higher, but underreported.
This… is a silent pandemic.
Act of Commission vs. Omission
Negligence isn’t always about what’s done. It’s often about what is not done.
Doing what shouldn’t be done. Or…
failing to do what must be done.
Both destroy lives.
Nurses Acting as Doctors
Untrained, Unsupervised, Unethical. In some systems, nurses with only 6 months of training diagnose, prescribe, and manage patients without supervision.
This is not progress. It’s cost-cutting at the cost of lives.
Since 2006, hospitals in the UK began replacing doctors with “Independent Nurse Practitioners and prescriber.”
And what happened?
Avoidable deaths doubled. Medical litigation rose to £1.5 billion. Hospitals started collapsing under the weight of compensation claims.
Real Cases – Real Suffering
On Screen:
🚨 True Stories That Shake the Soul
Narration:
A nurse tells a 23-year-old woman with yellow eyes “It’s just a flu. Take paracetamol.” Two days later, she’s in liver failure.
A young man misdiagnosed with shingles actually has septicemia—He collapses in shock. Survives—but just barely.
A toddler with pneumonia is sent home. Told to return after the weekend.
She nearly dies. These are not accidents.
These are acts of negligence. And behind every mistake… is a family left grieving.
Why did I create Dr. Maya GPT?
Dr. Maya GPT – A Global Guardian for Patient Safety. I could no longer bear to watch patients suffer due to systemic negligence,
corporate cost-cutting, and ego-driven medicine.
Dr. Maya is not a replacement for doctors.
It is a guide.
A safety net.
An AI-powered guardian that helps people identify when to seek help—
and most importantly, whom to trust.
The Ethical Compass – Diligence - A Universal Virtue Across Faiths
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“Act with diligence.” That means effort. Integrity.
And doing the right thing—even when no one is watching.
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GDP is essential because any deviation in storage or transport conditions can compromise the product's efficacy and safety. Compliance with GDP minimizes the risks related to contamination, mix-ups, and product degradation, and helps in the identification and recall of defective products.
2. Legal GDP Requirements Worldwide
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In the United States, the FDA and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) provide detailed standards concerning the distribution of pharmaceutical products. USP Chapter <1079> focuses on good storage and shipping practices, particularly for temperature-sensitive products.
WHO provides GDP guidelines applicable to all member states, particularly focusing on developing nations to ensure consistent quality standards. Similarly, India's Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) issues GDP-related rules, focusing on wholesalers, distributors, and transportation services. These regional adaptations serve to align GDP globally while respecting local regulatory and infrastructural capacities.
3. Core Principles of GDP
The foundation of GDP lies in the following principles:
• Ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical products during distribution.
• Full traceability of every product batch throughout the supply chain.
• Preventing counterfeit or substandard medicines
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Biophysics Thermodynamics 1 Chapter Notes
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Race Affects Attitudes
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