DR MANISH-2.pdf laser proctology piles and fistula

Jan 27, 20250 likes18 views

Get the best piles and fistula treatment in Jaipur with advanced laser proctology techniques. Dr. Manish Rajput, a renowned specialist, provides painless, quick, and highly effective treatments for piles, fissures, and fistula. Using cutting-edge laser technology, the procedures ensure minimal discomfort, no stitches, and faster recovery, helping patients return to their daily lives with ease. Dr. Rajput is committed to offering personalized care and long-term solutions, ensuring lasting relief and improved quality of life. With his expertise and modern facilities, you can expect safe and reliable treatment for all proctological conditions.

D R M A N I S H
RAJPUT
ht t ps://dr manishr ajput .com
Bookan appointment!

IN T R O D U C T IO N
Dr
. Manish Rajput is an I
nterventional
Radiologist & Team Lead, Team I
R
Jaipur
. They are the biggest team of
I
nterventional Radiologists. They are
trained from Tata Memorial Center
,
Mumbai, I
ndia. They have worked in so
many government and corporate
hospitals across the country.

Medical school (MBBS):2005-2011: -People’s
Medical College, Bhopal(MP)
DNB (Radio diagnosis):
- Apollo hospital,
Hyderabad(Telangana)
FVIR (PDCC):- Tata Memorial Centre,
Mumbai(Maharashtra)
Senior Resident: Hinduja Hospital Mumbai, SMS
Hospital Jaipur
Past Visiting Doctor:Leelavati Hospital Mumbai,
Breach Candy Hospital Mumbai, Wockhardt
Hospital Mumbai, Hinduja Hospital Mumbai
Ex Assitant Professor:JNU Medical College, Jaipur
Currently Working as Senior Consultant
Interventional Radiologist in various corporate
hospitals of Rajasthan based in Jaipur
HIS
EDUCATION

S T R E N G T H S
Ilead the biggest I
R team in the state.
Vast portfolio for I
R services.
All the team members are from Tata
Memorial Hospital, Mumbai.
Extensive experience in performing and
interpreting basic Radio-Diagnosis.
Gained experience in performing
I
nterventional Radiologic procedures.
Ipossess oratory skill by speaking at
numerous industry events.
Ability to teach complex concepts in a basic
manner
.

Varicose Veins Prostate Artery Embolization PRG
Biopsy and
fNAC
Angioplasty & Venoplasty PCN & DJ Stenting
O
U
R
S
E
R
V
I
C
E
S

+91 7729021111
dr.manish@infinityintervention.com
O-5-A, Adinath Marg, Near Surya
Hospital, C Scheme, Ashok Nagar,
Jaipur, Rajasthan 302001
C ON TA C T
US!

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**HIV Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview** ## Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a major global health challenge that affects millions of people. While there is no cure for HIV, advancements in medical research have led to effective treatment options that allow individuals with HIV to lead healthy lives. The primary treatment for HIV is antiretroviral therapy (ART), which helps to control the virus and prevent its progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This document explores the various aspects of HIV treatment, including its history, types of medications, effectiveness, side effects, challenges, and future developments. ## History of HIV Treatment The history of HIV treatment dates back to the 1980s when the first cases of AIDS were identified. Researchers quickly began searching for treatments to combat the virus. In 1987, the first antiretroviral drug, zidovudine (AZT), was approved. While it provided some benefits, AZT had significant toxicity and limited long-term efficacy. Over time, scientists developed new classes of antiretroviral drugs, leading to the combination therapy approach, which has dramatically improved patient outcomes. ## Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) ### How ART Works ART consists of a combination of drugs that target different stages of the HIV lifecycle. These medications reduce the viral load (the amount of HIV in the blood) to undetectable levels, thereby preventing the virus from weakening the immune system. ART also reduces the risk of HIV transmission to others. ### Classes of Antiretroviral Drugs There are several classes of antiretroviral drugs, each working in different ways to inhibit the replication of HIV: 1. **Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)** - These drugs block reverse transcriptase, an enzyme HIV uses to convert its RNA into DNA. Examples include zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC), and tenofovir (TDF). 2. **Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)** - NNRTIs bind directly to reverse transcriptase and inhibit its function. Examples include efavirenz and nevirapine. 3. **Protease Inhibitors (PIs)** - These drugs prevent HIV from maturing and becoming infectious by inhibiting the protease enzyme. Examples include lopinavir and atazanavir. 4. **Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)** - These drugs prevent HIV from integrating its genetic material into human DNA. Examples include raltegravir and dolutegravir. 5. **Entry Inhibitors** - These drugs prevent HIV from entering human cells. Examples include maraviroc (CCR5 antagonist) and enfuvirtide (fusion inhibitor). 6. **Pharmacokinetic Enhancers** - These drugs improve the effectiveness of other antiretroviral medications by increasing their concentration in the bloodstream. An example is ritonavir. ## Effectiveness of HIV Treatment ### Viral Suppression When taken consistently, ART can reduce the viral load to undetectable levels. Studies have shown that individuals with u

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antiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docxDr Ankush goyal

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### **Acyclovir and Anti-Herpes Medications** **Acyclovir** is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including: - **Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 & HSV-2)** – Causes cold sores and genital herpes. - **Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)** – Causes chickenpox and shingles. ### **Mechanism of Action:** Acyclovir works by inhibiting viral DNA replication. It is activated inside virus-infected cells, where it blocks viral enzymes, preventing the virus from multiplying. ### **Forms & Dosage:** - **Oral (Tablets/Capsules/Liquid)** – Used for mild to moderate infections. - **Topical (Cream/Ointment)** – For cold sores and mild skin infections. - **Intravenous (IV)** – For severe infections like herpes encephalitis. ### **Other Anti-Herpes Medications:** - **Valacyclovir (Valtrex)** – A prodrug of acyclovir with better absorption. - **Famciclovir (Famvir)** – Another antiviral with a longer duration of action. - **Penciclovir (Denavir)** – Used topically for herpes labialis (cold sores). ### **Uses:** - Treats and manages outbreaks of herpes simplex. - Reduces the severity and duration of symptoms. - Used for long-term suppression to prevent recurrent infections. - Helps in managing shingles and chickenpox. ### **Side Effects:** - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. - Headache, dizziness, fatigue. - Rare: Kidney issues, allergic reactions. ### **Precautions:** - Drink plenty of fluids to prevent kidney issues. - Not a cure, but helps manage symptoms. - Safe for most patients but should be used cautiously in people with kidney disease or weakened immune systems.

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Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) Ensuring Quality and Compliance.pptx by Dr. Smita Kumbhar, has 53 slides with 278 views.Good Laboratory Practices (GLP): Ensuring Quality and Compliance Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) is a set of principles intended to ensure the quality, integrity, and reliability of non-clinical laboratory studies that support research and regulatory submissions. These guidelines are critical in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological, chemical, and environmental sectors, ensuring that laboratory-generated data are reproducible, credible, and internationally accepted. GLP standards primarily apply to safety studies involving pharmaceuticals, pesticides, food additives, and industrial chemicals. Regulatory agencies, including the USFDA, EMA, and OECD, enforce GLP compliance to maintain scientific rigor and public safety. USFDA GLP Regulations The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) established Good Laboratory Practice regulations under 21 CFR Part 58. These regulations outline responsibilities for study directors, testing facilities, and personnel to maintain quality and integrity in non-clinical laboratory studies. The regulations cover various aspects, including study conduct, reporting, and archiving, ensuring consistency and accuracy in laboratory research. Controlling the GLP Inspection Process Regulatory authorities conduct inspections to verify GLP compliance. Laboratories must prepare for inspections by: • Maintaining up-to-date documentation. • Conducting internal audits. • Ensuring personnel training and awareness. • Implementing corrective actions for non-compliance. Regulatory inspections typically assess laboratory infrastructure, personnel competence, study documentation, and adherence to protocols. Laboratories must demonstrate transparency and proactive quality control measures. Documentation in GLP Accurate and comprehensive documentation is crucial in GLP compliance. Key documentation elements include: • Study protocols • Standard operating procedures (SOPs) • Raw data records • Analytical reports • Audit reports • Equipment calibration records • Archiving and retention policies Proper documentation ensures traceability, accountability, and reliability in laboratory research. Audit in GLP Compliance Auditing is a critical component of GLP, ensuring adherence to established regulations and identifying areas for improvement. Audits can be internal (self-audit) or external (regulatory or third-party audits). Goals of Laboratory Quality Audit • Ensure compliance with GLP regulations. • Identify gaps and areas for improvement. • Validate data integrity and accuracy. • Enhance operational efficiency. • Prevent regulatory penalties and study disqualification. Audit Tools in GLP Laboratories use various audit tools to assess compliance, including: • Checklists and self-assessments • Internal quality audits • Electronic data tracking systems • Third-party inspections • Root cause analysis • Corrective and preventive action (CAPA) plans Future of GLP Regulations

Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) Ensuring Quality and Compliance.pptxDr. Smita Kumbhar

53 slides•278 views

Good Laboratory Practices (GLP): Ensuring Quality and Compliance Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) is a set of principles intended to ensure the quality, integrity, and reliability of non-clinical laboratory studies that support research and regulatory submissions. These guidelines are critical in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological, chemical, and environmental sectors, ensuring that laboratory-generated data are reproducible, credible, and internationally accepted. GLP standards primarily apply to safety studies involving pharmaceuticals, pesticides, food additives, and industrial chemicals. Regulatory agencies, including the USFDA, EMA, and OECD, enforce GLP compliance to maintain scientific rigor and public safety. USFDA GLP Regulations The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) established Good Laboratory Practice regulations under 21 CFR Part 58. These regulations outline responsibilities for study directors, testing facilities, and personnel to maintain quality and integrity in non-clinical laboratory studies. The regulations cover various aspects, including study conduct, reporting, and archiving, ensuring consistency and accuracy in laboratory research. Controlling the GLP Inspection Process Regulatory authorities conduct inspections to verify GLP compliance. Laboratories must prepare for inspections by: • Maintaining up-to-date documentation. • Conducting internal audits. • Ensuring personnel training and awareness. • Implementing corrective actions for non-compliance. Regulatory inspections typically assess laboratory infrastructure, personnel competence, study documentation, and adherence to protocols. Laboratories must demonstrate transparency and proactive quality control measures. Documentation in GLP Accurate and comprehensive documentation is crucial in GLP compliance. Key documentation elements include: • Study protocols • Standard operating procedures (SOPs) • Raw data records • Analytical reports • Audit reports • Equipment calibration records • Archiving and retention policies Proper documentation ensures traceability, accountability, and reliability in laboratory research. Audit in GLP Compliance Auditing is a critical component of GLP, ensuring adherence to established regulations and identifying areas for improvement. Audits can be internal (self-audit) or external (regulatory or third-party audits). Goals of Laboratory Quality Audit • Ensure compliance with GLP regulations. • Identify gaps and areas for improvement. • Validate data integrity and accuracy. • Enhance operational efficiency. • Prevent regulatory penalties and study disqualification. Audit Tools in GLP Laboratories use various audit tools to assess compliance, including: • Checklists and self-assessments • Internal quality audits • Electronic data tracking systems • Third-party inspections • Root cause analysis • Corrective and preventive action (CAPA) plans Future of GLP Regulations

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Inotropic drugs are vital in managing acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock, directly influencing myocardial contractility. This presentation delves into their mechanisms, clinical applications, and nursing considerations. We'll explore how positive inotropes, like dobutamine and milrinone, enhance calcium influx, boosting cardiac output but also increasing myocardial oxygen demand. Conversely, we'll discuss the nuances of negative inotropes, such as beta-blockers, used in specific scenarios to reduce workload. A critical focus will be on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these agents, highlighting their impact on hemodynamic parameters. We'll examine the importance of meticulous monitoring, including blood pressure, heart rate, and ECG, to optimize therapy and mitigate adverse effects like arrhythmias and hypotension. Nursing implications will emphasize safe administration, patient education, and recognizing signs of drug toxicity. Case studies will illustrate the practical application of inotropic therapy in various clinical settings, reinforcing the importance of this knowledge in critical care.

Integumentary System By Baasir Umair.pdf by Baasir Umair Khattak, has 78 slides with 109 views.The integumentary system is the largest organ system of the human body, serving as the body's first line of defense against environmental hazards. It includes the skin, hair, nails, glands, and sensory receptors. This system plays a vital role in protection, thermoregulation, sensation, excretion, and vitamin D synthesis. Understanding its structure and function is crucial for comprehending how the body interacts with its surroundings. Structure of the Integumentary System The integumentary system comprises two main components: The Skin (Cutaneous Membrane) Accessory Structures (Hair, Nails, and Glands) The Skin The skin, also called the cutaneous membrane, consists of three primary layers: 1. Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelium. It lacks blood vessels and is primarily made of keratinocytes, which produce the protective protein keratin. Other important cells in the epidermis include: Melanocytes – produce melanin, which protects against UV radiation. Langerhans cells – involved in immune response. Merkel cells – associated with sensory neurons for touch perception. The epidermis has five distinct layers (from deep to superficial): Stratum basale (germinativum) – contains basal cells responsible for generating new keratinocytes. Stratum spinosum – provides structural integrity. Stratum granulosum – where keratinization begins. Stratum lucidum – found only in thick skin (palms and soles). Stratum corneum – the outermost layer made of dead keratinized cells. 2. Dermis The dermis is the thicker, connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis. It consists of collagen and elastic fibers, providing strength and flexibility. The dermis has two layers: Papillary Layer – composed of loose areolar connective tissue; contains dermal papillae, capillaries, and sensory receptors. Reticular Layer – made of dense irregular connective tissue; contains sweat glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels. 3. Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer) The hypodermis is a layer of adipose and connective tissue that insulates the body, stores energy, and provides cushioning. It connects the skin to underlying muscles and bones. Functions of the Integumentary System The skin performs several essential functions, including: 1. Protection The skin acts as a physical barrier against microorganisms, dehydration, UV radiation, and harmful chemicals. The acid mantle (low pH) of the skin inhibits bacterial growth. 2. Thermoregulation The skin helps maintain body temperature through: Sweating (eccrine and apocrine glands) – evaporative cooling. Vasodilation – blood vessels widen to release heat. Vasoconstriction – blood vessels narrow to retain heat. Goosebumps (arrector pili muscles) – create an insulating layer. 3. Sensation The skin contains specialized sensory receptors: Meissner’s corpuscles – detect light touch. Pacinian corpuscles – sense deep pressure and vibration. Merkel cells –

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78 slides•109 views

The integumentary system is the largest organ system of the human body, serving as the body's first line of defense against environmental hazards. It includes the skin, hair, nails, glands, and sensory receptors. This system plays a vital role in protection, thermoregulation, sensation, excretion, and vitamin D synthesis. Understanding its structure and function is crucial for comprehending how the body interacts with its surroundings. Structure of the Integumentary System The integumentary system comprises two main components: The Skin (Cutaneous Membrane) Accessory Structures (Hair, Nails, and Glands) The Skin The skin, also called the cutaneous membrane, consists of three primary layers: 1. Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelium. It lacks blood vessels and is primarily made of keratinocytes, which produce the protective protein keratin. Other important cells in the epidermis include: Melanocytes – produce melanin, which protects against UV radiation. Langerhans cells – involved in immune response. Merkel cells – associated with sensory neurons for touch perception. The epidermis has five distinct layers (from deep to superficial): Stratum basale (germinativum) – contains basal cells responsible for generating new keratinocytes. Stratum spinosum – provides structural integrity. Stratum granulosum – where keratinization begins. Stratum lucidum – found only in thick skin (palms and soles). Stratum corneum – the outermost layer made of dead keratinized cells. 2. Dermis The dermis is the thicker, connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis. It consists of collagen and elastic fibers, providing strength and flexibility. The dermis has two layers: Papillary Layer – composed of loose areolar connective tissue; contains dermal papillae, capillaries, and sensory receptors. Reticular Layer – made of dense irregular connective tissue; contains sweat glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels. 3. Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer) The hypodermis is a layer of adipose and connective tissue that insulates the body, stores energy, and provides cushioning. It connects the skin to underlying muscles and bones. Functions of the Integumentary System The skin performs several essential functions, including: 1. Protection The skin acts as a physical barrier against microorganisms, dehydration, UV radiation, and harmful chemicals. The acid mantle (low pH) of the skin inhibits bacterial growth. 2. Thermoregulation The skin helps maintain body temperature through: Sweating (eccrine and apocrine glands) – evaporative cooling. Vasodilation – blood vessels widen to release heat. Vasoconstriction – blood vessels narrow to retain heat. Goosebumps (arrector pili muscles) – create an insulating layer. 3. Sensation The skin contains specialized sensory receptors: Meissner’s corpuscles – detect light touch. Pacinian corpuscles – sense deep pressure and vibration. Merkel cells –

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Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways (specifically bronchi and bronchioles) which manifests itself as recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough.  It is characterized by bronchial hyper-responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction, that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. ASTHMA ATTACK:  When breathe normally, muscles around the airways are relaxed, letting air move easily and quietly. During an asthma attack, three things can happen:  Bronchospasm: The muscles around the airways constrict (tighten). When they tighten, it makes the airways narrow. Air cannot flow freely through constricted airways.  Inflammation: The lining of the airways becomes swollen. Swollen airways don’t let as much air in or out of the lungs.  Mucus production: During the attack, body creates more mucus. This thick mucus clogs airways. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:  Coughing  Chest tightness  Wheezing  Shortness of breath  Chronic production of cough  Dyspnea  Cyanosis  Weight loss and anorexia  Fatigue  Anxiety  Restlessness DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:  History collection  Physical examination  Chest X-ray  Spirometry  Blood test  Skin test: to identify allergic causes.  Sputum test  PFT DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:  History collection  Physical examination  Chest X-ray  Spirometry  Blood test  Skin test: to identify allergic causes.  Sputum test  PFT

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22 slides•174 views

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Co-Chairs and Presenters, Professor Carel le Roux, MBChB, FRCP, FRCPath, PhD, and Donna H. Ryan, MD, FTOS, discuss obesity in this CME activity titled “Adopting Modern Management Strategies for Obesity: Treating the Patient, Not the Disease.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/40HfQWa. CME credit will be available until March 27, 2026.